EVM-on-Bitcoin involves deploying a sidechain or layer-2 solution that can execute Solidity-based smart contracts while ultimately settling on Bitcoin. For instance, projects like RSK (Rootstock) or other experimental chains aim to offer Turing-complete functionality akin to Ethereum, but secured (at least partially) by Bitcoin miners.

These concepts remain niche, facing hurdles like limited adoption and the potential complexity of bridging BTC. Nonetheless, they show how some developers seek a middle ground between Bitcoin’s robust security and Ethereum’s flexible programming. Critics question whether advanced smart contracts align with Bitcoin’s minimalist ethos, but the exploration continues for users seeking multi-chain interoperability.