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Home Glossary D Double Spend

Double Spend

Attempting to use the same UTXO more than once, which Bitcoin’s consensus rules prevent once a transaction is confirmed.
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A double spend is the fundamental attack Bitcoin was designed to thwart. If you try to send the same coins to multiple addresses, only one transaction can be confirmed on the legitimate chain. Nodes reject any other transaction that tries to use those already-spent outputs. On rare occasions, if a block reorganization occurs at the same moment a transaction is confirmed, there’s a tiny window where a transaction might be replaced on a reorganized chain. But once a transaction is several blocks deep, it becomes nearly impossible to reverse it without overwhelming the network’s total hashing power.

Key takeaways
Bitcoin’s ledger logic invalidates previously spent outputs
Conflicts are resolved by miners building on one valid chain
Multiple confirmations drastically reduce double-spend risk
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