Multisig and threshold signatures
Spending that needs more than one key: OP_CHECKMULTISIG and the 2011 standards for it, the wallet conventions that followed, and the signature schemes (MuSig, FROST) that make several keys look like one.
149 threads and 1,269 messages, 16 Jun 2011 to 21 Sep 2026.
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BIPs
Bitcoin Optech
The threads, in order
Listed by the date of each thread's first message.
2011 6 threads
- 11 messages
- 4 messages
- Multisignature transations Gavin Andresen6 messages
- Multisignature scriptSigs Gavin Andresen1 message
- Multi-sig tx execution ideas Alan Reiner1 message
- multisig, op_eval and lock_time/sequence... Michael Gronager18 messages
2012 12 threads
- Quote on BIP 16 Amir Taaki9 messages
- BIP 16/17 deadlines Gavin Andresen1 message
- BIP16/17 replacement Andy Parkins9 messages
- BIP 21 accepted, new BIP 19 Amir Taaki1 message
- Multisignature transaction support in the GUI Gavin Andresen4 messages
- BIP-13 Michael Gronager8 messages
- BIP 16 status update Gavin Andresen1 message
- April 1 BIP16 switchover time is definite Gavin Andresen2 messages
- BIP 16 changes (list inside) Amir Taaki2 messages
- Can I make a BIP 16 payment? Amir Taaki1 message
- BIP 33 - Stratized Nodes Amir Taaki6 messages
- 1 message
2013 5 threads
- Blockchain as root CA for payment protocol Timo Hanke8 messages
- 6 messages
- Revocability with known trusted escrow services? Peter Vessenes10 messages
- 2 messages
- Payment protocol for onion URLs. Greg Maxwell10 messages
2014 13 threads
- 35 messages
- sorting public keys for p2sh multisig transactions Ryan X. Charles2 messages
- 90 messages
- Bug in 2-of-3 transaction signing in Bitcoind? Matt Whitlock10 messages
- New BIP32 structure for P2SH multisig wallets Manuel Araoz18 messages
- 5 messages
- PSA: Please sign your git commits Wladimir J. van der Laan15 messages
- Pay to MultiScript hash: Jeremy Rubin6 messages
- 2 messages
- BIP43 Purpose code for voting pool HD wallets Justus Ranvier5 messages
- 4 messages
- Update on mobile 2-factor wallets Mike Hearn5 messages
- Serialised P2SH HD chains Luke Dashjr8 messages
2015 13 threads
- 16 messages
- New BIP: protocol for multisignature payments Martin Habovštiak9 messages
- Subject: Re: Proposal to address Bitcoin malware William Madden6 messages
- 7 messages
- BIP for deterministic multisig addresses Thomas Kerin1 message
- BIP for standard multi-signature P2SH addresses Thomas Kerin7 messages
- BIP32 Index Randomisation Matias Alejo Garcia7 messages
- Proof of Payment Kalle Rosenbaum15 messages
- 3 messages
- 10 messages
- First-Seen-Safe Replace-by-Fee Peter Todd12 messages
- Bitcoin Core 0.11.0 released Wladimir J. van der Laan4 messages
- merged multisig inputs Boris Neklabaro2 messages
2016 3 threads
- 1 message
- 15 messages
- 3 messages
2017 3 threads
- 3 messages
- 1 message
- 5 messages
2018 13 threads
- Satoshilabs secret shared private key scheme Ondřej Vejpustek14 messages
- BIP16 enforcement change in V0.16 John Newbery1 message
- 9 messages
- Simple lock/unlock mechanism Karl-Johan Alm6 messages
- Soft-forks and schnorr signature aggregation Anthony Towns8 messages
- 6 messages
- MAST/Schnorr related soft-forks Anthony Towns4 messages
- Schnorr signatures BIP Pieter Wuille31 messages
- Multiparty signatures Erik Aronesty26 messages
- Multisignature for bip-schnorr nakagat5 messages
- SLIP-0039: Shamir's Secret-Sharing for Mnemonic Codes Andrew Kozlik6 messages
- 2 messages
- Multi party Schnorr Rust implementation Omer Shlomovits5 messages
2019 12 threads
- More thoughts on NOINPUT safety Anthony Towns19 messages
- Using the same public keys, the p2sh returned by `addmultisigaddress` differs from the one returned by `createmultisigaddress` Michele Federici2 messages
- Adding xpub field to PSBT to make multisig more secure Stepan Snigirev7 messages
- IsStandard Aymeric Vitte12 messages
- 7 messages
- BIP174 extension proposal (Global Type: PSBT_GLOBAL_XPUB_SIGNATURE) Jonathan Underwood17 messages
- Discover and move your coins by yourself Aymeric Vitte3 messages
- 31 messages
- 12 messages
- Storm: escrowed storage and messaging at L2/L3 Dr Maxim Orlovsky8 messages
- Composable MuSig ZmnSCPxj10 messages
- Signing CHECKSIG position in Tapscript Russell O'Connor6 messages
2020 15 threads
- Taproot (and graftroot) complexity Bryan Bishop16 messages
- LN & Coinjoin, a Great Tx Format Wedding Antoine Riard8 messages
- 6 messages
- Overview of anti-covert-channel signing techniques Pieter Wuille10 messages
- Hash function requirements for Taproot Lloyd Fournier5 messages
- 6 messages
- Design for a CoinSwap implementation for massively improving Bitcoin privacy and fungibility Chris Belcher22 messages
- 8 messages
- 4 messages
- Implementing Investment Aggregation ZmnSCPxj3 messages
- 24 messages
- Default Signet, Custom Signets and Resetting Testnet Michael Folkson2 messages
- Is BIP32's chain code needed? Leonardo Comandini5 messages
- 2 messages
- bip48 proposal dentondevelopment10 messages
2021 7 threads
- BIP32/43-based standard for Schnorr signatures & decentralized identity Dr Maxim Orlovsky10 messages
- Proposal: Bitcoin Secure Multisig Setup Hugo Nguyen37 messages
- 9 messages
- Multisig Enhanced Privacy Scheme Michael Flaxman2 messages
- 26 messages
- Sending OP_RETURN via Bitcoin Lightning Héctor José Cárdenas Pacheco10 messages
- Decentralized Coordination Free Mining Pools Jeremy Rubin21 messages
2022 16 threads
- Recurring bitcoin/LN payments using DLCs Chris Stewart8 messages
- One testnet to rule them all vjudeu4 messages
- MuSig2 BIP Jonas Nick15 messages
- 2 messages
- Transcript: Sydney Socratic on FROST w/ Jesse Posner Michael Folkson1 message
- Wallet policies for descriptor wallets Salvatore Ingala9 messages
- CTV BIP Meeting #8 Notes alicexbt9 messages
- Online Socratic on MuSig2 and biweekly secp256k1 IRC meeting Michael Folkson1 message
- P2P trading replacement transactions alicexbt5 messages
- A method for BIP322 signing delegation Ali Sherief4 messages
- Implementing Multisig Using Taproot Ali Sherief1 message
- 2 messages
- Transcript: Online Socratic on MuSig2 Michael Folkson3 messages
- 2 messages
- Bitcoin Core 24.0.1 Released Michael Ford3 messages
- 1 message
2023 7 threads
- MyCitadel wallet v1.3 advances time-locked multi-sigs further Dr Olga Ukolova1 message
- 8 messages
- Blinded 2-party Musig2 Tom Trevethan33 messages
- Blinded 2-party Musig2 Tom Trevethan1 message
- Private Collaborative Custody with FROST Nick Farrow3 messages
- Proposed BIP for MuSig2 PSBT Fields Ava Chow5 messages
- Proposed BIP for MuSig2 Descriptors Ava Chow2 messages
2024 4 threads
- 3 messages
- 4 messages
- BIP Draft: "FROST Signing" Sivaram D2 messages
- CHECKSIGFROMSTACK(VERIFY/ADD) Brandon Black5 messages
2025 15 threads
- P2QRH / BIP-360 Update Hunter Beast19 messages
- Proposal: Unlocking Dust UTXOs as Miner Transaction Fees Nighttime Satoshi6 messages
- 15 messages
- jpeg resistance of various post-quantum signature schemes Bas Westerbaan5 messages
- 3 messages
- Make pathological transactions with more than 2500 legacy signature operations non-standard Antoine Poinsot8 messages
- 2 messages
- 5 messages
- FROST Signing for Bitcoin: Demo + Taproot Integration Discussion @ Aug 6 Gordian Call Christopher Allen1 message
- 9 messages
- FROST CLI + BDK CLI Demo Christopher Allen1 message
- On (in)ability to embed data into Schnorr waxwing/ AdamISZ19 messages
- OP_CIV - Post-Quantum Signature Aggregation Tadge Dryja5 messages
- Hash-Based Signatures for Bitcoin's Post-Quantum Future Mikhail Kudinov17 messages
- Feedback on a simple 2-path vault design (2-of-2 + CLTV recovery) and use of pruned nodes for UTXO retrieval victor perez5 messages
2026 5 threads
- 10 messages
- PQC: Lattice-based signatures Nikita Karetnikov16 messages
- Aligning privacy incentives in P2MR conduition20 messages
- 6 messages
- Bitcoin Resilience Presentations — August 5 Shannon Appelcline3 messages